The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sachs JD, Karim SSA, Aknin L, et.al., The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2022 Oct 8;400(10359):1224-1280. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01585-9. Epub 2022 Sep 14.

"There is a need for the primary prevention of pandemics through the implementation of preventive measures against both natural spillovers and spillovers from research-related activities. The prevention of natural spillovers would require a One Health approach—an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimise the health of people, animals and ecosystems⁴⁹⁵—including the strengthening of veterinary services, the regulation of trade in domestic and wild animals and of wildlife and livestock rearing, the prevention of deforestation, and the enhancement of pathogen-surveillance systems in domestic animals and in humans.⁴⁹⁶ Such measures are likely to be highly cost effective and would complement investments in the strengthening of national health systems, the development of vaccines and therapeutics, and other outbreak response strategies described in this report. Strategies to prevent research-related releases should include stronger international and national oversight of biosafety, biosecurity, and biorisk management, including the strict regulation of gain of function research of concern."